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 1. NAKATTA-DES( DID NOT ) - PAST NEGATIVE"Nakatta-des",which is the past form of "nai-des",is less polite than "masen- deshta" in SECTION 2.It is very impolite if you leave out "des" of the former when you close a sentence. EX. Hara-san-wa kaigi-ni de nakatta-des. - POLITE Hara-san-wa kaigi-ni de masen-deshta. - MORE POLITE Hara-san-wa kaigi-ni de nakatta - IMPOLITE (=Mr.Hara didn't attend the meeting.) Watashi-wa concert ni i-ka nakatta-des. - POLITE Watashi-wa concert ni i-ki masen-deshta .- MORE POLITE Watashi-wa concert ni i-ka nakatta. - IMPOLITE (=I didn't go to the concert.) ーto the TOP  2. NAI-DES( DO NOT ) - PRESENT NEGATIVE"Na-i(=not)" is a true adjective like "oishi-i(=tasty)","atsu-i(=hot)",etc. therefore,its conjugation is the same as that of other true adjectives as follows: EX. Kono orange-wa oishi-i des.. (=This orange is tasty.) Abe-san-wa concert ni i-ka na-i des. (=Ms.Abe will not go to the concert.) Kyoo-wa atsu-i des. (=It is hot today.) Chichi-wa quiz bangumi-o mi na-i des. (=My father does not watch a quiz show.) "Masen "in SECTION 2 is more polite than "na-i des".When you close a sentence with "na-i des",it is impolite if you omit the final "des". EX. Abe-san-wa wine-o no-ma na-i des. - POLITE Abe-san-wa wine-o no-mi masen. - MORE POLITE Abe-san-wa wine-o no-ma na-i. - IMPOLITE (=Ms.Abe does not drink wine.) ーto the TOP  3. NAI HOO-GA-II-DES( HAD BETTER NOT;IT WOULD NOT BE BETTER TO ) EX. Sono switch-ni sawa-ra nai hoo-ga-ii-des. (=You had better not touch the switch.) Ken-wa kuruma-o koko-ni tome nai hoo-ga-ii-des. (= It would not be better for Ken to park his car here.) You should use "nai hoo-ga-yokatta-des"for past tense as mentioned in SECTION 3 2. "HOO-GA-II-DES", EX. Aoki-san-ni denwa-shi nai hoo-ga-yokatta-des. (=You had better not have phoned Ms.Aoki.) Tori-ni esa-o ya-ra nai hoo-ga-yokatta-des. (=I had better not have fed the bird.) ーto the TOP  4. NAI KAMO-SHIREMASEN( MAY NOT ) - PROBABLY NOT(1) Combination with verbs, adjectives,nouns and postpositions In the following combination,we must suffix "de" to quasi-adjectives,nouns and postpositions.The ending "na" or "no" of quasi-adjectives is left out. EX. Ken-wa sono eega-o mi nai kamo-shiremasen. - VERB (=Ken may not see the movie.) Kono keeki-wa oishi-ku nai kamo-shiremasen. - TRUE ADJECTIVE (=This cake may not be tasty..) Risa-wa ima hima de nai kamo-shiremasen. - QUASI-ADJECTIVE (=Risa may not be free now.) Sore-wa sakura-no ki de nai kamo-shiremasen. - NOUN (=That may not be a cherry tree.) Sono tegami-wa Mari kara de nai kamo-shiremasen. -POSTPOSITION (=The letter may not be from Mari.) (2) The past form When you make the past form of "nai kamo-shiremasen",you should change "nai" into "nakatta" . EX. Ken-wa sono eega-o mi nakatta kamo-shiremasen. (=Ken may not have seen the movie.) Risa-wa hima de nakatta kamo-shiremasen. (=Risa may not have been free.) ーto the TOP  5. NAI YOO NI( SO AS NOT TO )This negative form of "so as to" is used when an infinitive form of a verb is combined with "tell(=i-u)" and equivalents,such as "write(=ka-ku)","phone(=denwa-suru)","warn(=chuui-suru)",etc.,as mentioned in SECTION 3,5. EX. Watashi-wa kodomo-ni fuku-o yogo-sa nai yoo ni i-i-mashta. (=I told my son so as not to make his clothes dirty.) Isha-wa chi-chi-ni sake-o no-ma nai yoo ni chuui-shi-mashta. (=The doctor advised my father so as not to drink alcohol.) ーto the TOP 6. NAI RASHII DES;NAI YOO DES( SEEM NOT TO )(1) Combination with verbs,adjectives,nouns and postpositions In the following combination,"de" must be suffixed to quasi-adjectives,nouns and postpositions. The ending "no" or "na" of quasi-adjectives is left out. EX. Oda-san-wa Abe-san-o shi-ra nai rashii des. - VERB (=Mr.Oda doesn't seem to know Ms.Abe.) Sono orange-wa ama-ku nai yoo des. - TRUE ADJECTIVE (=That orange doesn't seem to be sweet.) Ken-wa sakana-ga suki de nai rashii des. - QUASI-ADJECTIVE (=Ken doesn't seem to be fond of fish.) Sore-wa Akira-no tokee de nai yoo des. - NOUN (=That doesn't seem to be Akira's watch.) Sono shorui-wa Noda-san e de nai rashii des - POSTPOSITION (=It doesn't seem that the documents are to Mr.Noda.) （2）The past form We often use the following two ways of the past forms of "nai rashii des" and "nai yoo des". EX. Tani-san-wa kuruma-o ka-wa nai rashi-katta des. or ka-wa nai yoo deshta. (=It didn't seem that Mr.Tani buys a car.) Tani-san-wa kuruma-o ka-wa nakatta rashii des. or ka-wa nakatta yoo des. (=It doesn't seem that Mr.Tani has bought a car.) Sono orange-wa ama-ku nai rashi-katta des. or ama-ku nai yoo deshta. (=That orange didn't seem to be sweet.) Sono orange-wa ama-ku nakatta rashii des. or ama-ku nakatta yoo des. (=That orange doesn't seem to have been sweet.) ーto the TOP 7. NAI SOO DES( BE SAID NOT TO )(1) Combination with verbs,adjectives,nouns and postpositions In the following combination,we must suffix "de" to quasi-adjectives,nouns and postpositions.The ending "na" or "no" of quasi-adjectives is left out. EX. Oda-san-wa concert ni i-ka nai soo des. - VERB (=Mr.Oda is said not to go to the concert.) Sono wine-wa oishi-ku nai soo des. - TRUE ADJECTIVE (=I hear the wine is not delicious.) Noda-san-wa byooki de nai soo des. - QUASI-ADJECTIVE (=Ms.Moda is said to be sick.） Sore-wa Picasso-no e de nai soo des. - NOUN (=They say the picture is not Picasso's one.) Bijutsukan-wa ku-ji kara de nai soo des. - POSTPOSITION (=The museum is said not to be from nine.) (2) The past form We can make the past form of "nai soo des" by replacing "nai" with "nakatta". EX. Oda-san-wa concert ni i-ka nakatta soo des. - VERB (=It is said that Mr. Oda didn't go to the concert.) Sono winw-wa oishi-ku nakatta soo des. - TRUE ADJECTIVE (=I hear the wine was not tasty.) Noda-san-wa byooki de nakatta soo des. - QUASSI-ADJECTIVE (=Ms.Noda is said not to have been sick.) Sore-wa Picasso-no e de nakatta soo des - NOUN. (=It is said that the picture was not Picasso's one) Bijutsukan-wa ku-ji kara de nakatta soo des. - POSTPOSITION (=They say the museum was not from nine.) ーto the TOP 8 NAI UCHI NI.....( BEFORE..... ) - CONJUNCTION [ UNDESIRABLE ]EX. Koohii-ga same nai uchi ni no-nde kudasai. (=Please drink coffee before it gets cold.) Abe-san-wa watashi-ga yo-ma nai uchi ni shorui-o sute-mashta. (=Mr.Abe threw away the document before I read it.) In some cases,you can replace "nai uchi ni" with "made ni(=before)" or "mae ni(=before)" in SECTION 3. "Mae ni" is generally used for "immediately before" because its another meaning is "in front of". EX. Aoki-san-wa party-ga owa-ra nai uchi ni kae-ri-mashta. - SEC.4 Aoki-san-wa party-ga ow-ru mae ni(or made ni)kae-ri-mashta. - SEC.3 (=Mr.Aoki went home before the party was over.) Wada-san-ga ko nai uchi ni heya-o katazuke-mashta. - SEC.4 Wada-san-ga kuru made ni(or mae ni) heya-o katazuke-mashta .- SEC.3 ,, (=Before Mr.Wada came,I tidied up the room.) "Wasure nai uchi ni" is rather idiomatic;in this sense,we can not use the other conjunctions such as "made ni" and "mae ni". EX. Wasure nai uchi ni,Mori-san-ni denwa-shi tai-des. (=Before I forget,I wish to phone Mr.Mori.) Wasure nai uchi ni,shorui-o shima-u hoo-ga-ii-des. (=Before you forget,you had better put back the documents.) ーto the TOP 9. NAI DE( WITHOUT )"Nai de" is used as a postposition and is placed immediately after a verb noun which is conjugated in SECTION 4. EX. Hiromi-wa itsumo choo-shoku-o tabe nai de dekake-mas. (=Hiromi goes out without having breakfast.) Ken-wa shukudai-o shi nai de soto-de aso-nde i-mas. (=Ken is playing outdoors without doing his homework.) "Nashi de(=without)" is also a postosition and,therefore,is placed immediately after a noun( not a verb noun=gerund ).But we often substitute "verb + nai de" for this.This is because we are used to using verbs to make up for the shortage and weakness of the other parts of speech such as postpositions,adjectives,etc. EX. Okada-san-wa satoo nashi de koohii-o no-mi-mas. (=Mr.Okada drinks coffee without sugar.) Okada-san-wa satoo-o ire nai de koohii-o no-mi-mas. (=Mr.Okada drinks coffee without putting sugar in it.) Sofu-wa megane nashi de shimbun-o yo-mu koto deki-mas. (=My grandfather can read a newspaper without glasses.) Sofu-wa megane-o kake nai de shimbun-o yo-mu koto deki-mas. (=My grandfather can read a newspaer without wearing glasses.) ーto the TOP 10. NAI DE KUDASAI( PLEASE DON'T )This is much more polite than "wa-ikemasen(=must not)" in SECTION 1. EX. Koko-de sawa-ga nai de kudasai. - MUCH MORE POLITE (=Please don't make a noise here.) Koko-de sawa-ide wa-ikemasen. - POLITE (=You must not make a noise here.) Kono tsukue-o tsuka-wa nai de kudasai .- MUCH MORE POLITE (=Please don't use this desk.) Kono tsukue-o tsuka-tte wa-ikemasen. - POLITE (=You must not use this desk.) ーto the TOP 11. NAI DE MO-II-DES; NAKU-TE MO-II-DES( NEED NOT )This consists of several words as follows; nai de mo:Even if one does not ..... (mo) (nai de) ii-des: O.K. [ ii = good, des= be ] EX. Arai-san-ni denwa-shi nai de mo-ii-des. (=You need not call Ms.Arai.) Traveler's check-o genkin ni kae nai de mo-ii-des. (=I don't have to change my traveler's checks for cash.) The past form is "nai de mo-yokatta-des" as follows: EX. Okada-san-wa kaigi-ni de nai de mo-yokatta-des. (=Mr.Okada needn't have attended the meeting.) Kono shatsu-o ara-wa nai de mo-yokatta-des. (=You needn't have washed this shirt.) ーto the TOP 12. NAKU-TE WA-IKEMASEN;NEBA NARIMASEN( MUST ). "Naku-te wa-ikemasen" consists of three words as follows: "naku-te wa ikemasen" → "If it does not do so,it is no good." (not) (if) (no good) (wa) (naku-te) (ikemasen) As far as you keep the whole meaning as mentioned above,you can say in any way as follows: EX. Haha-wa kaimono-ni i-ka nakute wa-ikemasen. (=My mother must go shopping.) Watashi-wa genkin de hara-wa nebe narimasen. (=I must pay in cash.) Ikeda-san-ni denwa-shi nakere-ba ikemasen. (=I must phone Mr.Ikeda.) Noda-san-wa kaisha-o yame naku-te wa-ikemasen-deshta. - PAST (=Mr.Noda had to quit the company.) Ken-wa kesa roku-ji ni oki neba narimasen-deshta. - PAST (=Ken had to get up at six. this morning) ーto the TOP |
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