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MISCELLANEOUS
A. Useful expressions
1. I am afraid ・・・ ( ・・・ to ike-masen.; ・・・ to shimpai des.)
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EXAPLES
I am afraid (that) it may rain.
(=Ame-ga fu-ru to ike-masen. or to ike-nai des.)
I am afraid of being late.
(=Okure-wa shi-nai-ka to shimpai des. or Oso-ku na-ru to ike-nai des.)
2. Past tense + koto-ga a-ru
EXAMPLES
Have you ever seen kabuki theater?
(= Kabuki-o mi-ta koto-ga a-ri-mas ka.)
I have been to France twice.
(=France e ni-kai itta koto-ga a-ri-mas.)
3. Present ( or Future ) tense + koto-ga a-ru
EXAMPLES
I sometimes go to the movies together with my sister.
(=Ane to isshoni eega ni i-ku koto-ga a-ri-mas.)
Ken is occasionally late for school.
(=Ken-wa gakko ni chikoku-suru koto-ga a-ri-mas.)
4. I hope ・・・ ( ・・・ to i-i des ga.; ・・・ koto-o nozo-mu.)
EXAMPLES
I hope it will be fine tomorrow.
(=Ashta hare-ru to i-i des ga.)
I hope so.
(=Soo da to i-i des ga. or Soo nozo-mi-mas.)
5. I am sorry ・・・ ( ・・・o-ki-no doku des.; sumii-masen.; go-man nasai.;
zan-nen
des.)
EXAMPLES
I am sorry about Mr.Nakano's accident.
(=Nakano-san-no jiko-wa o-ki-no doku des.)
I am sorry to be late.
(=Okure-te sumi-masen. or gomen nasai.)
I am sorry (that) I cannot go to the party.
(=Party ni i-ke naku-te zan-nen des.)
6. I wonder・・・ (・・・ kashira)
EXAMPLES
I wonder if Mr.Yamada is really coming.
(=Yamada-san-wa hontoo-ni kuru kashira.)
I wonder if it will rain tomorrow.
(=Ashta ame-ga fu-ru kashira.)
7. Only: Just: About ( dake: bakari )
EXAMPLES
Only Ms.Ueno can speak french.
(=Ueno-san daka(-ga) France-go-o hana-se-mas.)
Mr.Oda will be back here in about an hour.
(=Oda-san-wa ichi-jikan bakari de koko-ni kae-tte ki-mas.)
Please lend me just five thousand yen.
(=Go-sen en dake ka-shte kudasai.)
8. Shidai ( noun + shidai- depend upon: verb + shidai- as soon as )
EXAMPLES
Everything depends upon you.
- noun
(=Subete-wa anata shidai des.)
Whether or not we will climb the mountain depends on weather - noun
(=Yama-o nobo-ru ka doo ka-wa tenki shidai des.)
I will phone you immediately after I arrive in New York.
- verb
(=New York ni tsu-ki shidai denwa-shi-mas.)
As soon as it becomes fine,we will leave.
- verb
(=Tenki-ga yo-ku na-ri shidai,dekake-mas.)
9. Mathematics
EXAMPLES
One and four make five.
(=Ichi to yon-wa go des. or Ichi tasu shi-wa go des.)
Seven minus two leves five.
(=Shichi kara ni-o hi-ku to go des. or Shichi hi-ku ni-wa go des.)
(7) (from) (2)
(draw) (if) (5) (is)
Six times two equals twelve.
(=Roku-ni ni-o kake-ru to juu-ni des. or Roku kake-ru ni-wa juu-ni des.)
Fifteen divided by three gives five.
(=Juu-go-o san de wa-ru to go des. or Juu-go wa-ru san-wa go des.)
B. Some useful words
1. What
(1) When verbs take abstruct objects
Foe teh verbs which take abstruct objects such as "think","say","do",etc.,we
generally translate "what" as "doo(=how)".
EXAMPLES
What do you think of this idea?
(=Kono kangae-o doo omo-i-mas ka.)
What was the weather like?
(=tenki-wa doo deshta ka.)
What's wrong?
(=Doo sh-mashta ka.)
What are your plans for this evening?
(=Konban no yotee-wa doo des ka.)
(2) When verbs take concrete objects
For the verbs which take concrete objects such as "buy","drink","read",etc.,we
translate "what" as "nani".
EXAMPLES
Whta did you buy at the department store?
(=Depaato de nani-o ka-i-mashta ka.)
What do you want to eat for dinner?
(=Yuu-shoku ni nani-o tabe tai-des ka.)
(3) Others
What fine did you pay?
(=Ikura(=how much) bakkin-o hara-i-mashta ka.)
At what shop did you buy your shoes?
(=Doko-no(=of where) mise de kutsu-o ka-i-mashta ka.)
What is the time limit for application?
(=Mooshikomi-no kigenn-wa itsu(=when) des ka.)
What train shall we take?
(=Nan-ji-no(of what time) densha ni no-ri mashoo ka.)
What fruit do you like best?
(=Don-na kudamono-ga ichiban suki des ka.)
What key is this/
(=Kore-wa nan-no kagi des ka.)
NOTE: The Japanese way of thinking is: "To what does the key belong?". Therefore,"
"no(=of)",which
means 'possession',is used.
What meeting did you attend?
(=Nan-no kaigi-ni de-mashta ka.)
2. Then
(1) For time( sono toki;sono koro;sore kara;tsugi-ni )
EXAMPLES
I was watching TV at that time.
(=Sono toki watashi-wa terebi-o mi-te i-mashta.)
I was a college student at that time.
(=Sono koro watashi-wa gakusee deshta.)
The movie ended at one,and then we went for a meal.
(=Eega-ga ichi-ji ni owa-tte,sore kara shokujini i-ki-mashta.)
I cleared the table,and then I washed the dishes.
(=Table-o katazuke-te,tsugi-ni shokki-o ara-i-mashta.)
(2) Additional ( sono ue;sara ni )
EXAMPLES
This steak is delicious;and besides it is a reasonable price.
(=Kono steeki-wa oishi-kutte,sono ue tegoro-na nedan des.)
I wrapped the flower vase in paper;and besides I put it in the box.
(=Kabin-o kami de tsutus-nde,sara ni hako ni shima-i-mashta.)
(3) Reasoning ( sore de wa or sore ja;soko de:sore nara )
EXAMPLES
Then I'll wait Mr.Yamada another five minutes.
(=Sore de wa(or Sore ja) moo go-fun Yamada-san-o machi-mas.)
I arrived at the station,and then I realized I had forgotten something.
(=Eki ni tsu-ite,soko de wasure-mono-ni kiga-tu-ki-mashta.)
Then I'll phoneMr.Nakamura tomorrow.
(=Sore nara ashta Nakamura-san-ni denwa-shi-mas.)
(4) If you do so ( soo suru to;soo sure ba )
Do it in this way,then you can open the suitcase.
(=Koo shi nasai,soo suru to suitcase-o ake-ru koto-ga deki-mas.)
Please phone me,then I'll goto meet you.
(=Denwa-shte kudasai,soo sure ba muka ni i-ki-mas.)
Hurry up,then you'll catch your usual train.
(=Iso-gi nasai,soo sur ba itsumo-no densha ni mania-i-mas.)
C. Abbreviation
1. ..... De wa ..... = ..... Ja .....
EXAMPLES
You must not drink the juice in the fridge.
(=Reezooko no juice-o no-nde wa ( or no-n ja ) -ikemasen.)
Don't take off your shoes here.
(=Koko-ni kutsu-o nu-ide wa ( or nu-i ja ) -ikemasen.)
You must not pile up cardboard boxes there.
(=Danbooru-bako-o soko-ni tsu-nde wa (or tsu-n ja ) -ikemasen.)
The children must not swim in the river.
(=Kodomo-tachi-wa kawa de oyo-ide wa ( or oyo-i ja ) -ikemasen.)
2. ..... Te wa ..... = ..... Cha ..... ; ..... Tte wa ..... = ..... Ccha .....
EXAMPLES
You must not eat this cake.
(=Kono keeki-o tabe-te wa ( or tabe-cha ) -ikemasen.)
You must not leave your baggage in the hall.
(=Genkan ni nimotsu-o o-ite wa ( or o-i-cha ) -ikemasen.)
You must not buy the suit on credit.
(=Sono suit-o credit de ka-tte wa ( or ka-ccha ) -ikemasen.)
Mr.Abe must not use the car today.
(=Abe-san-wa kyoo kuruma-o tsuka-tte wa ( or tsuka-ccha ) -ikemasen.)
3. Chuu; Datte; Tte; Des tte
EXAMPLES
Nan to i-u( or chuu ) hana des ka.
(=What is the flower called?)
Nan da to i-tte i-mas ka.( or datte.)
(=What do you say? or What does one say?)
Sore-wa hontoo da to i-tte i-mas.( or datte )
(=They say it is true.)
Sore-wa i-i to i-tte i-mas.( or tte. )
(=He says it is good.)
Sore-wa i-i des to i-tte mas.( or tte. )
(=He says it is good.)
4. Others
EXAMPLES
Sore-wa( or Soryaa ) i-i( or dame ) des.
(=It is good ( or no good. )
Soo sure ba( or suryaa ) i-i des.
(=If one does so,it would be good.)
Soo i-e ba( or iyaa ) i-i no ni.
(=You should say so.)
Kure ba( or Kuryaa ) i-i no ni.
(=You should come.)
Yasu-kere ba( or Yasu-keryaa ),ka-i tai-des
(=If it is cheap,I wish to buy it.)
I-ka nakere-ba( or nakyaa ) nari-masen.
(=I must go.)
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